Thursday, March 26, 2015

Can Peanut Allergies Be Cured?

There are few things that make me nervous in the ER anymore. After spending twenty plus years in nursing, I've seen and handled most everything.

One exception is peanut allergies. When a patient signs in with that complaint it is emergent because of the concern of anaphylaxis which I posted about here. There is a point of no return when it comes to an allergic reaction where the patient will die despite all efforts. 

The other question becomes just how do we protect these children? An Epi-pen should be kept with these children at all times. For one, some parents won't do this. Also, parents are uncomfortable giving these injections. 

Another reaction is to create a peanut-free environment. In reality, I don't know how feasible this is. Peanuts and peanut products are prolific and I feel like this gives parents a false sense of security. 

Recently, researchers developed a study to see if they could inhibit the body's response in a peanut allergy. They gave small but increasing amounts of peanut protein along with a probiotic every day for eighteen months. The test group was split in half with half of the participants receiving a placebo that looked and smelled like the treatment. On the last day of the study, the participants were given a double dose of peanut protein with the probiotic. Twenty-six of the twenty-nine children didn't have an allergic reaction whereas only two of twenty-eight in the placebo group demonstrated the same.

Of this group on non-reactors, after a two-five week period of being peanut free, they were retested and twenty-three of twenty-five still had no reaction.

Over time, it is possible for the body to build up tolerance but this method has been found to be twenty-times more effective.

The next step is to see how long this effect will last. Will it be a cure?

It might be too early to tell but it might well be a very good step in the right direction. 

Would you try this for your child if they had a peanut allergy?

Tuesday, March 24, 2015

Allergic Reaction: Dianna Benson

I always love it when friend and author Dianna Benson stops by! Dianna is a talented writer and has two treats for you today-- a new novel, Persephone's Fugitive, is releasing. I was blessed to have the opportunity to read and endorse this novel. Two, she is giving a factually based fictional account of an EMS call dealing with a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis.

Welcome back, Dianna!

“EMS 6, allergic reaction, at 123 Main Street.”

At 7:40 Christmas night, my partner and I flip on the lights and sirens and race our ambulance toward 123 Main Street. En route, my partner reads off details of our dispatched call on our dashboard laptop.

“Twenty-year-old female. Respiratory arrest.”

I grab the radio. “This is EMS 6, requesting assistance on our anaphylaxis call. Copy?”

“Copy EMS 6. FD 14 is en route.”
    
Once we roll up on scene, several people wave us into the two-story home, their faces contorted in panic. As we hear sirens from an approaching fire truck, we rush our loaded stretcher inside the front door and toward the young lifeless body lying on the tiled kitchen floor, cyanosis around her lips.

I notice our patient’s chest is motionless, and I don’t feel or hear any air moving out of her mouth or nose.

“What is her name?” I ask no one in particular in the crowd of about a dozen surrounding us.

“Ally,” several voices answer.

“Ally?” I rub my knuckles over her sternum.

“Unresponsive,” I inform my partner, who’s yanking out a BVM (bag-valve mask), other airway equipment, and the med box.

I feel for a carotid pulse on her flushed neck. “Rapid and weak,” I say to my partner. We share a look of understanding—our patient is headed for cardiac arrest. Our interventions must be quick and efficient.

“What happened here?” I again ask the room full of people as I press the mask over my patient’s mouth and nose with my left hand in the E/C formation. With my right, I squeeze the football-sized bag every five seconds to oxygenate the young woman’s system. Her chest rises and falls with every squeeze, indicating her airway isn’t blocked by swelling or any foreign object.

“She was eating and started coughing, and said her chest is all tight,” a hysterical woman answered, suddenly kneeling next to me. “She was itchy all over, had trouble breathing, hives on her back.” 

I face the middle-aged woman, tears flowing out of her eyes and down her cheeks. “Are you her mother?”    

“Yes. She was severely allergic to peanuts when she was little but out grew it or whatever.”

As I continue bagging, my partner pushes epinephrine IM (intermuscular) then inserts an IV into our patient’s left arm for med access and fluid replacement. A fire crew of four men darts into the house.

Without an exchange of words, I hand one of the firefighters the BVM, and two of them take over bagging. One presses a tight seal over the mouth and nose, the other squeezes the bag.
   
“Hand me our monitor,” I ask the firefighter closest to our cardiac monitor. He and the fourth guy assist me in hooking up a twelve led ECG to our patient’s four limbs and chest.

I study the monitor for our patient’s vital signs, looking for indications of imminent anaphylactic shock and cardiac arrest. “BP 80/52. Pulse 134. SPO2 86%. Normal sinus heart rhythm.”

“Uh-huh,” my partner says, letting me know he heard my report of the grave vital signs.

I hand him diphenhydramine and methylprednisolone to administer into the IV line.

“Does Ally have any medical conditions or take any medications for anything?” I ask the mother.

“No. Nothing.” 

We add Benadryl to the line then attach a little bag of Pepcid to the IV set up. Following up with those meds, we add Solu-medrol.

In scanning the kitchen, I spot several whole pies ready to be served, remnants of T-Bone steaks and empty lobster tails on multiple dirty plates. “Did she eat any nuts tonight?” I ask the mother to keep her occupied.  

“Nothing any of us ate tonight contains nuts.” The mother points over her shoulder. “We haven’t eaten any pie yet, but none of them has nuts.”
     
“Has she ever eaten lobster before tonight?” I ask while digging into our airway bag.
 
“Once. Couple of months ago and loved it.”

“It was probably the lobster. The second encounter with an allergen is when an allergic reaction occurs.” I turn to my partner. “Let’s intubate.”

“Uh-huh.”

I’m readying the intubation equipment when Ally jerks to a conscious state, coughing and rolling on to her side, shoving the mask away from her face.

“Guess she didn’t want to be intubated,” one firefighter whispers near my ear, not out of humor but relief, a feeling I share. 

“Ally? Hi.” I grab a non-rebreather mask. “You suffered a severe allergic reaction. You need oxygen.”

She nods, rolling to lie on her back again. Her mother squeezes her hand, pats her forearm.

“Bummer, I know, but we gotta take you to the hospital to be monitored overnight.” After turning the portable O2 tank on to 15 liters per minute, I strap the non-rebreather to Ally’s face. “Just breathe normally and relax. You’re doing fine. We’ve got you, Ally.” I smile at her.

The firefighters lift her weak body onto our stretcher; I study the monitor. “BP 96/60. Pulse 118. SPO2 92%,” I say to my partner.


“That’s what I want to hear,” he responds in a relief matching my wide smile.

You can read more posts done on allergic reactions/anaphylaxis here, here, and here.

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Dianna T. Benson is the award-winning and international bestselling author of The Hidden Son and Final Trimester. Persephone’s Fugitive is her third release. An EMT and a HazMat and FEMA Operative since 2005, Dianna authentically implements her medical and rescue experience and knowledge into all her suspense novels. She lives in North Carolina with her husband and their three children. www.diannatbenson.com


Sunday, March 22, 2015

Up and Coming


Hello Redwood's Fans!

Are you enjoying the warmer weather? I must say, it is nice to be out of the bitter cold but I'm one in the minority that is a little sad to see winter leave. I'm not a big fan of bright sun and hot days so you can find me holed up inside in a dark, air conditioned room.

But I'm happy for the rest of you!

For you this week we're focusing on allergic reactions.

Tuesday: Friend and author Dianna Benson stops by with a factually based fictional account on how to treat the most severe form of allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Dianna's new book, Persephone's Fugitive, is releasing so I hope you'll check it out!

Thursday: Can peanut allergies be cured? Some interesting research in this area that could prove to eliminate this dreaded allergy.

Have a great week!

Jordyn

Thursday, March 19, 2015

Author Forensic Question: Evidence of Pregnancy on Autopsy



Aray Asks
:

Can an autopsy show evidence of a three week old fetus? I’m researching for a novel I’m writing and I need your help, considering that the information has to be accurate.

My MC’s mother’s body is severely mutilated ( carved into).  She was three weeks pregnant at the time this gruesome murder took place. Police officials accuse her husband of doing the deed.  Having no leads, they arrest him. The husband’s on trial for capital murder.  The medical examiner takes the witness stand. The lawyer asks him a series of questions, one being the autopsy report.

Amryn Says:

A 3 week old fetus would not be visible during an autopsy. At that point in development, the fetus is a ball of cells but without any physical characteristics that one would recognize as human. If the medical examiner needs to detect that the victim was pregnant, the best way would be to perform an HCG test on the victim's blood.

HCG is the hormone that is responsible for making a pregnancy test appear positive. It usually takes 3-4 weeks for this hormone to be at a high enough level to trigger a positive test, however a quantitative test might be enough to suggest that the victim's hormone levels were slightly above normal. I wouldn't think it would be enough for a medical examiner to definitively say the victim was pregnant, but it might be enough for he/she to say it's possible. Any time after 4 weeks, the HCG levels will begin to rise almost exponentially and therefore would be more easily detected.  


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Amryn Cross is a full-time forensic scientist and author of romantic suspense and mystery novels. Her first novel, Learning to Die, is available on Amazon. The first book in her latest series, loosely based on an updated Sherlock Holmes, is available for pre-order on Amazon. Look for Warzone in January 2015. You can connect with Amryn via her website, Twitter and Facebook.